In this paper, the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) method with dynamic boundary condition has been used to simulate 2D floating of objects. Severe fluctuations in the field of PRESSURE and velocity is one of the major problems in this method. In this paper, the fluctuations have been corrected using Delta and Shift algorithms. The simulation was numerically performed with three viscosity models including real fluid viscosity (laminar and turbulence), ideal fluid (without viscosity) and artificial viscosity. Validation of this method indicated that in the case of artificial viscosity and also ideal fluid, the Delta algorithm should be used and in the case of real fluid viscosity, using Delta and Shift algorithms could establish good agreement with experimental data. Finally, by simulating the floating experiment with the obtained optimal numerical models, the results showed that the optimal method in the case of real fluid viscosity had a better performance in modeling the horizontal, vertical and rotational movements of the floating body than other optimal methods.

In this study we examine the flow of inelastic fluids with various shear properties in axisymmetric contractions with various contraction ratios are selected as 4: 1, 6: 1 and 8: 1 with both rounded-corner and sharp. Particular attention is paid to the effect of shear thickening and shear thinning upon the solution behavior. Power-law inelastic model is employed coupling with the conservation of momentum equation and continuity equation. The numerical simulation of such fluid is performed by using the Taylor Galerkin PRESSURE CORRECTION (T-G/P-C) finite element algorithm. The effects of geometry structure and many factors such as Reynolds number (Re) and the parameters of power law model are presented in this study. Particularly, in this study we are focused on the influence of these factors on the solution components and the level of convergence. This research was a comparative study between sharp and rounded-corner contraction geometries with a ratio of 4: 1, and to another comparative study among sharp contraction geometries with ratios of 4: 1, 6: 1, and 8: 1. The practical implications of this study focused on vortex length and the impact of varying the parameters of the power law model and the Reynolds number (Re) on it for 4: 1 contraction flow. The study dealt with the effect of different geometries on the rates of convergence of velocity and PRESSURE as well as the characteristics of axial velocity and PRESSURE on the axis of symmetry.

Background: The current study is to evaluate cardiovascular effects of anesthetic medications and volatile anesthetics on cardiac stress using cardiac stress index (CSI) and rate PRESSURE product (RPP) and to determine which of them in useful in evaluating cardiac stress after comparing results obtained from each method.Materials and methods: 40 patients, 60-80 years old, who were all performed trans abdominal prostatectomy were studied. Patients were divided into two groups, half of patients were placed in group A and the other half in group B. The study was carried out as a blinded study. CSI was measured and evaluated in group A and RPP changes were studied in group B.Results: The mean CSI were 60.25±5.57, 63.05±5.54, 55.75±4.78 and 67.65±4.88 before anesthesia induction, after induction, before surgical incision and in recovery respectively. There was no meaningful difference.RPP mean in four above mentioned stages was 10.15±0.44, 9.9±0.69, 6.8±0.36 and 9.2±0.61 respectively. There was a meaningful difference between RPP in stages before anesthesia induction and before surgical incision (P<0.0001).Conclusion: Considering the obtained results from this study, it can be seen that even in noncardiac surgery, the stress level is high in patients in the stage before surgery. This figure was not clear in RPP index case and was not in accordance with CSI, which means CSI has been able to illustrate existing stress level better and efficiently.

Background and purpose: Pre-eclampcia is one of the most important factors of mortality and morbidity in mother, fetus and neonate. The exact causative factors are yet unclear. Early diagnosis of preeclampsia remains one of the most important function of antenatal care. The aim of this study was to determine the value of MAP at 13-26 weeks of gestation in predicting the subsequent development of preeclampsia.Materials and methods: In a prospective and longitudinal study, 240 pregnant women seen at the health care centers for prenatal care were registered in the study by random selection, from Oct 2000 to Sep 2003 in Babol, Mazandaran. In this research MAP was measured twice at 13 to 26 weeks of gestation but at 28 weeks until delivery time blood PRESSURE and proteinuria was determined three times. Women were followed up to check the occurance of pre-eclampcia 24 hours after delivery. Women who had history of any disease and taking medicine were excluded from this study.Results: A significant relationship between the mean MAP (>90 and>85) and incidence of pre-eclampcia was found in this study (p<0.001). For MAP>85, negative and positive prediction values were %96.2, and %41.4, respectively, the sensitivity and specificity were %66.7 and %89.9. For MAP>90, negative and positive prediction values were %95.3, and %58.5, the sensitivity and specificity were %55 and %95.9.Conclusion: MAP>85 or 90 in midtrimester maybe a useful predictor of preeclampsia in 41.4% and 58.5% (respectively). More research is needed to establish an ideal predictive test for preeclampsia that allows its prevention or management.

In this investigation, shear-thinning and shear-thickening inelastic fluids through a contraction channel are presented based on a power-law inelastic model. In this regard, Navier–Stokes partial differential equations are used to describe the motion of fluids. These equations include a time-dependent continuity equation for the conservation of mass and time-dependent equations for the conservation of momentum. Numerically, a time-stepping Taylor Galerkin-PRESSURE CORRECTION finite element method is used to treat the governing equations. A start-up of Poiseuille flow through axisymmetric 4:1 contraction channel for inelastic fluid are taken into consideration as instances to satisfy the method analysis. Here, the impacts of different parameters, such as Reynolds number (Re), the consistency parameter (k), and the power-law index (n), are examined. Mainly, the effect of these parameters on the convergence levels of solution components considering it the most important point of view. The findings demonstrate that the inelastic parameters have a significant influence on the rates of velocity and PRESSURE temporal convergence, and this effect is observed significantly. Fundamentally, the rate of convergence for shear-thickening flow is found to be greater than the convergence for shear-thinning flow. In addition, the critical level of Reynolds number is also determined for shear-thinning and shear-thickening situations. In this context, we captured that the critical level of Re for a shear-thickening case is much higher than that found for the shear-thinning case.

Objective: Change of control strategy in osteoporotic people and their focus on the hip strategy, also the occurred postural changes, result in the displacement of center of PRESSURE (COP). This study was carried out to compare the static stability parameters in healthy, osteopenic and osteoporotic women. Methods: Seventy-one volunteer postmenopausal women aged 48-65 years were divided into three Normal (n=15), Osteopenic (n=26) and Osteoporotic (n=30) groups according to their bone mineral density of lumbar spine. Static balance was evaluated using force plate, in two positions: double leg standing (DLS) and Romberg standing (Rom), with eyes open, for 20 s. Standard deviation of velocity and amplitude of COP displacement in A-P and M-L direction and path length were evaluated. Results: In DLS, SD of velocity and amplitude for A-P displacement, showed a significant increase in osteoporotic and osteopenic groups in comparison with normal women (P<0.05). In Rom, SD of amplitude for AP displacement, in osteoporotic group showed a significant increase compared with the normal group (P=0.03). Path length of COP displacement in DLS position in osteoporotic and osteopenic groups was significantly more than the normal group (P=0.05). There was a significant negative correlation between bone mineral density and SD velocity and amplitude in AP direction, and also path length in two static positions. Conclusion: Increase in SD velocity and SD amplitude of COP displacement in A-P direction, that increase with the decrease in bone mineral density, may be due to the change of control strategy mechanisms in osteopenic and osteoporotic women. Investigation of these changes will be necessary to design the therapeutic methods for prevention of falling and bone fracture in osteoporotic patients.

Background: Nowadays, the use of mechanical ventilation devices has a vital use in the treatment of patients hospitalized in intensive care units, while different modes of mechanical ventilation devices had different outcomes, thus this study aimed at comparing two modes of mechanical ventilation, that is the outcome of PRESSURE regulated volume-controlled (PRVC) and Adaptive support ventilation (ASV) on hemodynamic changes and time taken to separate the patient from the device in the intensive care unit. Methods: This study is a single-blind randomized clinical trial conducted in Alzahra hospital during 2018-2019. The research population of the study included 74 patients admitted to the intensive care unit who were selected by convenience sample. The patients were ramdomly divided into two groups. The device parameters were adjusted on PRVC mode for the first group and ASV mode for the second group. The data were compared between two groups using. Data were analyzed using Chi-square tests, T-test, and repeated measures of ANOVA and ANCOVA. Findings: There was no significant difference between the two groups at different intervals in terms of systolic and diastolic blood PRESSURE and heart rate, pH and HCO3, RAMSY score. The analysis of variance with repeated observations showed that both, the group and time had significant effects on SPO2 and PCO2. The average length of time connected to the mechanical ventilation device and the duration of hospitalization in the ASV group was significantly lower than the PRVC Group. Conclusion: The ASV mode more than PRVC mode decreased the length of stay and need for ventilation of hospitalized patients in intensive care units.